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Zwickl & Webber 1978
Zwickl, R.D. and Webber, W.R. (1978). The interplanetary scattering mean free path from 1 to 3×103 MV. Journal of Geophysical Research 83: doi: 10.1029/JA083iA03p01157. issn: 0148-0227.

We have made a statistical study of published intensity-time profiles of proton and electron solar particle events from 1967 to 1974 in an attempt to examine systematically the temporal and rigidity dependence of the interplanetary scattering mean free path from ~1 to 3¿103 MV. The observed tmax, the time from the release at the sun to the time of maximum flux at the spacecraft, from solar particle events that complied with a stringent selection criterion were interpreted in terms of a propagation model, with Kr=K0, to obtain the average radial scattering mean free path &lgr;r. We find that (1) &lgr;r appears to be species indepentent when it is derived from proton and electron solar particle events, (2) &lgr;r varies less than a factor of 2 from solar maximum to solar minimum, and (3) &lgr;r is nearly rigidity independent below ~500 MV. The values of &lgr;r that we obtain at low rigidities are inconsistent with all current theoretical models that derive &lgr;r from the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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