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Sanderson & Uhrig 1978
Sanderson, J.J. and Uhrig, R.A. (1978). Extended Rankine-Hugoniot relations for collisionless shocks. Journal of Geophysical Research 83: doi: 10.1029/JA083iA04p01395. issn: 0148-0227.

The hydromagnetic Rankine-Hugoniot relations are extended to allow for separate ion and electron temperatures and arbitrary degrees of freedom for ion and electron heating; when the degrees of freedom are unequal, this comprises an unclosed set of equations. The system is reduced to one equation in two unknowns containing the usual one-fluid model as a special case. Closure is achieved by means of empirical arguments for both subcritical and large Mach number shocks, and a general parametric solution is also presented. Analytic expressions for the fluid and field jumps are obtained and compared with various experimental observations.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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