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Andrews 1980
Andrews, M.K. (1980). Power density of equatorial electric field at L=2.3. Journal of Geophysical Research 85: doi: 10.1029/JA085iA04p01687. issn: 0148-0227.

Records of the Doppler shift on signals from a VLF transmitter received in the whistler mode are converted to fluctuation electric fields in the equatorial plane at L=2.3 and presented as power spectral densities. The 200 hours of data examned show 2 orders of magnitude variation in the power level as magnetic activity rises, though there is a considerable range of values are an order of magnitude below the levels found by balloon extrapolations at what were generally higher latitudes. Simultaneous whistler mode records of azimuthal electric field at longitudes spaced by about 7 hours show such correlations that the electric fields near 1-hour period must be composed mainly of low order spatial modes. With this assumption a diffusion coefficient at L=2.3 for radially diffusing particles is calculated which shows that at energies up to ~0.5 MeV, electrostatic diffusion must be very important.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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