Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above the extremely low frequency range (ELF; frequencies in the range 5 Hz to 3 kHz) are susceptible to a variety of solar proton event (SPE) effects when propagating through a polar region in the earth-ionosphere wave guide. These effects appear to become less severe as the frequency of the waves becomes smaller and approaches the ELF range. Although measurements have been lacking, it would be expected that ELF wave propagation through the polar regions would be comparatively stable. To investigate polar ELF wave propagation during an SPE, we have carried out a series of measurements of the properties of ELF sferics (75 Hz) at a polar location (Byrd Station, Antarctica) during a moderately large SPE. These measurements suggest that an SPE can significantly alter the characteristics of ELF signals propagating through the polar regions: during the first 24 hours of the SPE there was a reduction of about 50% in the median amplitudes of the sferics, compared with their amplitudes before the SPE, and there were substantial changes in their rates of occurrence. However, there was no polar cap 'blackout' of the sferics, and their amplitude reduction appeared to be no greater than the reductions occasionally observed at lower latitudes in experiments with man-made ELF signals. Thus our measurements provide support for the view that ELF signal propagation through the polar regions during an SPE is comparatively stable. At frequencies below the ELF range we note the appearance of Pc 3 pulsations at the start of the SPE. Further study of the possible stimulation of these pulsations by SPE's and additional measurements of the SPE-related changes of ELF sferic characteristics at polar locations are desirable. |