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Carlson & Torbert 1980
Carlson, C.W. and Torbert, R.B. (1980). Solar wind ion injections in the morning auroral oval. Journal of Geophysical Research 85: doi: 10.1029/JA085iA06p02903. issn: 0148-0227.

Energy versus time dispersion of precipitating ion bursts was observed during two rocket flights in the morning auroral oval. Individual bursts lasted about 20 seconds and repeated on a time scale of 100 seconds. The dispersion is interpreted as energy-dependent time-of-flight delay which provides identification of ion charge-to-mass ratio as well as injection source distance. The data are consistent with injections of magnetosheath ions with injection distances ranging from 7 to 19 earth radii. Individual events extended over a region of a least several degrees of magnetic longitude and 0.3 degrees of invariant latitude. It is suggested that these events are associated with turbulent plasma entry into the magnetospheric entry layer.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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