A series of direct and ionospherically reflected low-frequency pulses, recorded over a typical 24-hour period in December 1972, are presented for both normal and rotated polarizations. Examination of the pulse wave forms strongly suggests the simultaneous presence of two discrete but just barely resolved reflections from different heights in the daytime ionosphere. The upper reflection, whose height varied from about 72 to 78 km as the solar zenith angle changed, is identified with the classical D region, caused primarily by Lyman &agr; radiation. The lower reflection was at a nearly constant altitude of about 63 km from shortly after sunrise to shortly before sunset. The ionization responsible for the low-altitude reflection may be caused by cosmic rays and photodetachment, a mechanism previously proposed by other writers in connection with the hypothetical C layer of the lower daytime ionosphere. An ionization model which closely reproduces the observed reflected wave forms was developed using full wave theory and spectral analysis. The model is a 6-km thick layer with a uniform conductivity of 1.8¿10-7 mhos/m, corresponding to an estimated electron density of 60--160 el/cm3 in the 63- to 69-km region of the day-time ionosphere. |