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Scourfield & Nielsen 1981
Scourfield, M.W.J. and Nielsen, E. (1981). Evening (Harang) and morning discontinuities in ionospheric electron drifts and their dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JA086iA02p00681. issn: 0148-0227.

Observations made with Scandinavian twin auroral radar experiment (Stare) have revealed the existence of a discontinuity in the electron drift pattern at high latitudes during the morning hours. The morning discontinuity appears to be equivalent to the evening (or Harang) discontinuity but has the region of the westward drifting electrons located poleward of the eastward drifting electrons. The dependence of the discontinuity occurrence times on the sign of the azimuthal component, By, of the interplanetary magnetic field has been investigated. We find the evening dicontinuity generally occurs earlier for ByO. A similar behavior was not found for the morning discontinuity, possibly due to the effects of the high level of magnetic activity (Kp?5-) associated with observations of this discontinuity. The average time seperation between evening and morning discontinuities was 12 h 30 min. It is tentatively proposed that the morning discontinuity is the footprint of the polar cleft in the ionosphere. This would imply that the cleft, during very disturbed magnetic conditions, can extend down to ~65¿ geomagnetic latitude.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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