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Zhao 1981
Zhao, X. (1981). Energetics of coronal hole expansion. Journal of Geophysical Research 86. doi: 10.1029/JA086iA09p07480. issn: 0148-0227.

Based on the assumption of the undamped propagation of Alfven waves between 2 and 5 RS, the possible range of Alfven wave energy flux density at the base of a polar coronal hole has been deduced. It is concluded that extended heating above 2 RS is needed to maintain the temperature maximum above 2 RS and to supply energy for the formation of high-speed wind streams. The energy contribution of extended heating to high-speed wind streams might be greater than that of Alfven waves by direct momentum addition.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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