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Greenwald et al. 1981
Greenwald, R.A., Walker, A.D.M. and Candidi, M. (1981). Use of hydromagnetic waves to map geomagnetic field lines. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JA080i013p11251. issn: 0148-0227.

Quasi-periodic oscillations in magnetospheric electric and magnetic fields are communicated to the ionsophere via guided Alfv¿n waves, propagating along magnetic fields lines. Thus, if one could identify ionospheric and magnetospheric regions showing highly correlated temporal variations, one would, in effect, have determined the region in the ionosphere conjugate to a given location in the magnetosphere. In this paper we present a cross correlation anlaysis of Pc 5 magnetic field oscillations observed by GEOS 2 with drift velocity oscillations (electric field) observed with the STARE radars in the ionsphere. GEOS 2 is in geostationary orbit with its conjugate point nominally located in the STARE field of view. Several comparisons were made over a one hour period in the early afternoon sector and correlation coefficients reaching 0.84 over a limited area in the ionosphere were obtained. Between the beginning and end of the hour, the measured footpoint was displaced by ~1¿ in latitude and ~2.5¿ in longitude. Neither of the two determinations agreed with the predictions of the Mead-Fairfield or Olson-Pfitzer models, athough the difference at the end of the hour was of the same order as the dispersion beween the two modes.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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