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Hayakawa et al. 1982
Hayakawa, H., Nishida, A., Hones, E.W. and Bame, S.J. (1982). Statistical characteristics of plasma flow in the magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research 87: doi: 10.1029/JA087iA01p00277. issn: 0148-0227.

The characteristics of plasma flow are studied statistically by using the IMP 6 plasma and magnetic field data. The analysis was performed by dividing the data set according to flow direction and flow velocity. Fast tailward flows (those with a tailward component of velocity exceeding 300 km/s) are observed only within a few RE of the estimated neutral sheet position and are associated with southward polarity of the magnetic field. They can therefore be interpreted as a product of reconnection operating at a location earthward of the spacecraft. On the other hand, slow tailward flows (those with a tailward component less than 300 km/s) are not associated with southward field polarity and are very similar to slow earthward flow (those with an anti-tailward component less than 300 km/s) in such characteristics as association to northward inclination of the field and occurrence over a wide range of distance (¿ several RE) from the neutral sheet. These results suggest that there exist at least two source mechanisms of plasma flow in the magnetotail; X type neutral line in the near-earth plasma sheet is likely to be the source of the fast tailward flows but other driving mechanism are responsible for slow flows.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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