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Tokar et al. 1982
Tokar, R.L., Gurnett, D.A., Bagenal, F. and Shaw, R.R. (1982). Light ion concentrations in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 87: doi: 10.1029/JA087iA04p02241. issn: 0148-0227.

In this paper, Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument observations of lightning-generated whistlers are combined with Voyager 1 plasma instrument heavy ion (8?A/Z?64) charge concentrations to investigate the concentration of light ions (A/Z<8) along the whistler propagation path. Two models for light ion concentration over dipole L shell for L between 5.2 and 6.2 are obtained, one giving a constant concentration along the field line and the other corresponding to an exponential density distribution. Near the equator the light ion concentration ranges from only about 1 to 10% of the heavy ion concentration, while outside of the torus, at distances of from 1 to 1.5 RJ above the equator, the light ions are the dominant species.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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