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Leubner 1982
Leubner, M.P. (1982). On Jupiter’s whistler emission. Journal of Geophysical Research 87: doi: 10.1029/JA087iA08p06335. issn: 0148-0227.

A theory explaining Jupiter's banded whistler emission in particular low-frequency hiss and chorus is proposed. It is shown that superthermal electrons described by a kappa distribution function cause whistler instability below one-third of the electron gyrofrequency, whereas a two temperature Maxwellian leads to a band of unstable growing modes just below one-half of the electron gyrofrequency. A superposition of both yields almost exactly the structure of whistler mode hiss and chorus detected by the Voyager 1 and 2 plasma wave instrument.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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