Effect of parallel electric fields on whistler wave propagation at low latitudes is studied with the help of ray tracing computations. It is shown that in presence of such fields, whistler ray paths are defocused and their final wave normal directions at the base of the F region ionosphere in the opposite hemisphere are such that the waves would not be observed on the ground. In the absence of suitable ducts, horizontal density gradients existing in the low-latitude ionosphere seem to play important roles in whistler propagations to ground stations. |