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Scholer & Ipavich 1983
Scholer, M. and Ipavich, F.M. (1983). Energetic ions upstream of the earth’s bow shock during an energetic storm particle event. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: doi: 10.1029/JA088iA07p05715. issn: 0148-0227.

We present simultaneous observations of low-energy protons and alpha particles from ISEE 3 far upstream and from ISEE 1 close to the earth's bow shock during the passage of an interplanetary shock wave with its associated energetic storm particles. Intensities, spectra, ,and anisotropic of the energetic storm particles are modified due to the interaction of these particles with the earth's bow shock. An intensity spike observed at ISEE 1 during the passage of the interplanetary shock is interpreted as being due to postacceleration of energetic storm particles at the bow shock by the first-order Fermi mechanism. The spikes observed at ISEE 1 after the passage of the interplanetary shock are most probably due to reflection of the energetic storm particles at the bow shock.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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