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Vampola & Gorney 1983
Vampola, A.L. and Gorney, D.J. (1983). Electron energy deposition in the middle atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: doi: 10.1029/JA088iA08p06267. issn: 0148-0227.

Spectra of locally precipating 36- to 317-keV electrons obtained by instrumentation on the S3-2 satellite are used to calculate energy deposition profiles as a function of latitude, longitude, and altitude. In the 70- to 90-km altitude, mid-latitude ionization due to these precipitating energetic electrons can be comparable to that due to direct solar H Lyman &agr;. At night, the electrons produce ionization more than an order of magnitude greater than that expected from scattered H Lyman &agr;. Maximum precipitation rates in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly are of the order of 10-2 erg/cm2 s with a spectrum of form j(E)=1.34¿105 E-2.27 (keV). Southern hemisphere precipitation dominates that in the north for 1.1<L<6 except for regions of low local surface field in the northern hemisphere. Above L=6, local time effects dominate: i.e., longitudinal effects due to the asymmetric magnetic field which are strong features below L=6 disappear and are replaced by high-latitude precipitation events which are local time features.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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