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Van Allen 1983
Van Allen, J.A. (1983). Absorption of energetic protons by Saturn’s ring G. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: doi: 10.1029/JA088iA09p06911. issn: 0148-0227.

A restudy has been made of Pioneer 11 data on the distribution of energetic protons Ep >80 MeV in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. An improved value of the ratio of the cosmic ray albedo neutron decay source strength S¿ to the radial diffusion coefficient D is 6.9¿10-24 cm-5 at r~2.67 RS (1 RS =Saturn's equatorial radius=60,000 km). Using the recently calculated lower limit on S¿ by Blake et al. one finds an upper limit on the mean residence time T against diffusion of 4.6¿108 s (15 years) in the major peak of the distribution, whereas using our earlier estimate of S¿, one finds T~2.2¿108 s (7.0 years). The two corresponding determinations of D are >1.3¿10-11 and ~2.8¿10-11 R2S s-1, respectively. A generous upper limit on D is 2¿10-10 R2S s-1 as found from study of the slot region associated with the co-orbiting satellites 1979 S2 (1980 S3) and 1980 S1. The mean lifetime &tgr; of energetic protons against absorption by particulate matter in Ring G is 0.035 cm, an areal mass density &sgr;>1.4¿10-6 cm-2, and an areal number density n10 cm contribute less than 10-2 of its opacity. The mean radius of Ring G is 170,300¿900 km.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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