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Torr et al. 1983
Torr, D.G., Abdou, W.A., Torr, M.R., Burnside, R.G. and Meriwether, J.W. (1983). Measurements of metastable N+(1D) 6584 Å emission in the twilight thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 88. doi: 10.1029/JA088iA04p03190. issn: 0148-0227.

Measurements of the 6584-¿ emission that arises from the transition N+(3P-1D) were made at Sutherland, South Africa, in the summer of 1977. The twilight variations show a rapid decay at sunset from >10 R to 1 R followed by a persistent emission at ~1 R into the very late twilight. We identify the early twilight emission as being produced mainly by photodissociative ionization of N2 and estimate a branching ratio &bgr;≂0.1 for the production rate of N+ in the (1D) state. We conclude that electron quenching is the main loss process with an estimated value of ~10-7 cm3 s-1 for its rate coefficient k. (These estimates are based on a measurement of the ratio k/&bgr; that we found to be ~10-6.) Upper limits of 5¿10-12 cm3 s-1 and 1¿10-11 cm3 s-1 are estimated for the quenching rate coefficients by both O and N2, respectively. The emission in the late twilight is ascribed to galactic contamination.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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