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James 1983
James, H.G. (1983). Sounder-accelerated particles observed on ISIS. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: doi: 10.1029/JA088iA05p04027. issn: 0148-0227.

The soft-particle spectrometers aboard the spacecrafts ISIS I and ISIS II detect sounder-accelerated particles, i.e., fluxes of electrons and ions energized by the 100-&mgr;s transmitter pulse (nominal peak power: 400 W). Fluxes of up to 108 st-1 eV-1 cm-2 s-1 are observed. Typical highest electron and ion energies are several hundred electronvolts and 100--200 eV, respectively. Sounder-accelerated electron fluxes detected on ISIS II are energized near the major electron resonant frequencies: fpe (plasma frequency), fce (gyrofrequency), 2fce and the oblique resonance frequency domains. Ion fluxes are present from the lowest sounder frequency (0.1 MHz) up to the greater of fpe and fce. Electrons are observed at pitch angles near 90¿ while ions are present at all pitch angles. The observations can be interpreted using a model of particle motion and spacecraft dc potential both induced by the intense rf field (~100 V/m). The ion results indicate that at ffpe, fce, the potentials is much smaller. ISIS I data from equatorial perigee conditions show that electrons remain energized for a few milliseconds after the end of the rf pulse.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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