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Mitchell et al. 1983
Mitchell, D.G., Roelof, E.C. and Bame, S.J. (1983). Solar Wind Iron Abundance Variations at Speeds >600 km s-1, 1972–1976. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: doi: 10.1029/JA080i011p09059. issn: 0148-0227.

We have analyzed the Fe/H ratios in the peaks of high-speed streams during the decline of solar cycle 20 and the following minimum (October 1972--December 1976). We utilized the response of the 50- to 200-keV ion channel of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory energetic particle experiments (EPE) on IMP 7 and 8, which is (in the absence of energetic ions) dominated by solar wind iron ions at high solar wind speeds (V>600 km s-1) as inferred from calibrations of flight space detectors. We have compared our Fe measurements with solar wind H and He parameters from the Los Alamos National Laboratory instruments on the same spacecraft. In general, the Fe distribution parameters (bulk velocity, flow direction, temperature) are found to be similar to the He parameters. Although the average Fe/H ratios found in the peaks of many steady high-speed streams agree within observational uncertainties with the nominal coronal ratio of 4.7¿10-5, abundance variations of a factor of up to 6 are obtained across a given coronal-hole associated high-speed stream. There are, as well, a factor of 2 variations between stream-averaged abundances for recurrent high-speed streams emanating from different coronal holes occurring on the sun on the same solar rotation. Flare-related solar wind flows sometimes show Fe/H ratios enhanced by factors of 4--5 more than in coronal-hole associated, quiet-time streams, while in one case the Fe/H enhancement was still observable one rotation after the flare activity. Over the period 1973--1976, a steady decrease in the average quiet time Fe/H ratio by a factor ~4 is measured on both IMP 7 and 8.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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