Observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID's) have been performed with a three-station network of rapid-run ionosondes located in northern New Hampshire and Vermont, together with an additional ionosonde in Bermuda 1600 km to the southeast in the predominant ''downstream'' direction of travel. The height-dependent horizontal and vertical TID phase trace speeds in the time domain have been obtained for individual spectral components at the three-station network, and the height-dependent spectral composition and vertical phase trace speeds have been obtained at the Bermuda location. The broad features of the wave response at the spaced locations, that is, at the network and in Bermuda, may be interpreted in terms of isothermal dissipationless gravity wave theory. However, the finer details of the response, such as the increase in horizontal and vertical phase trace speeds with height, can only be interpreted using more realistic theories of gravity-wave propagation. The cause-effect relationship between the energetics and dynamics of the source region and the wave response is one of the outstanding problems remaining in TID-related studies. Since source information obtained from our TID observations is of uncertain accuracy, we cannot purport to address this problem directly; nevertheless, our results will be of significant value in the planning of future experiments. |