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Goertz et al. 1985
Goertz, C.K., Nielsen, E., North, A., Glassmeier, K.H., Haldoupis, C., Hoeg, P. and Hayward, D. (1985). Observations of a possible ground signature of flux transfer events. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA05p04069. issn: 0148-0227.

Two periods during which the convection boundary was in the Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment field of view a few hours before and after magnetic noon are analyzed. We find that sporadic and spatially isolated flow across the convection boundary occurs on time scales of a few minutes and in regions which in the ionosphere range in size from 50 km to 300 km. We suggest that the antisunward flow immediately north of the convection boundary maps into the low-latitude boundary layer. Our observations then indicate that the magnetic flux in the boundary layer is transported outward. We estimate a typical flux transfer rate of 2.5¿104 Wb s-1 for one flux transfer event. On one occasion, GEOS 2 observes a rapid simultaneous dropout of energetic ions and electrons inside the magnetopause. This dropout is associated with a ground E¿B signature of strong northwesterly flow. We believe that this constitutes good evidence for the occurrence of flux transfer from closed to open field lines.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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