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Detailed Reference Information
Lin et al. 1985
Lin, C.S., Barfield, J.N., Burch, J.L. and Winningham, J.D. (1985). Near-conjugate observations of inverted-V electron precipitation using DE 1 and DE 2. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA02p01669. issn: 0148-0227.

Near-conjugate plasma measurements from the DE 1 HAPI and the DE 2 LAPI instruments during nightside inverted-V events are examined to determine quantitatively the energization of inverted-V electrons. The plasma moments, including number flux, energy flux, and average energy, are computed. For the four near-conjugate passes examined, the total downward energy flux at the DE 1 altitudes (8000--12,000 km) is generally several ergs per square centimeter per second. At the DE 2 altitude (500--1000 km), the peak of the total downward energy flux is 3--15 times that measured by DE 1. Similar variation of the total downward energy fluxes with respect to invariant latitude is found at high and low altitudes. At the peaks of the total downward energy flux measured by DE 2 the energy flux diffused from magnetospheric to ionospheric electrons was generally negligible. However, appreciable diffused energy fluxes were sometimes found. According to the model that electrons are accelerted adiabatically by an electrostatic field, the downward energy flux at the DE 2 altitude is calculated from the DE 1 plsma data as a function of potential drop and compared with that measured by DE 2. When the modeled downward energy flux is assumed to equal the measured total downward energy flux minus the upward energy flux of secondary electrons, the required potential drop is shown to agree reasonably well with the potential drop inferred separately from the measured distribution function. This empirical result suggests that adiabatic acceleration of inverted-V electrons by parallel dc electric field below the De 1 altitudes could frequently account for the total downward energy flux measured at the DE 2 altitudes.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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