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Hayakawa et al. 1985
Hayakawa, M., Tanaka, Y. and Okada, T. (1985). Morphological characteristics and the polarization of plasmaspheric ELF hiss observed at Moshiri (L~1.6). Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA06p05133. issn: 0148-0227.

Morphological characteristics (local time and Kp dependences and emission frequency) of ground-based plasmaspheric ELF hiss have been examined on the basis of the magnetic tape records observed at Moshiri (geomagnetic latitude 35 ¿N; L=1.6) during the four-year period from January 1973 to December 1976. About 160 hiss events have been identified during the relevant period, and they are found to be observed during severely disturbed periods (Kp=4--7) and during daytime. The ground-based morphological properties including the above results are shown to support the previous in-situ observational results. The most important contribution of the present paper is the information on the relative location of the ionospheric exit region of the hiss with respect to the observing station. About one fifth of the ELF hiss events are found to be cut off at the low frequency coincident with the cut off frequency of the first-order mode of the earth-ionosphere waveguide mode propagation, indicating that the ionospheric exit point of the hiss is located far away from the observing station and that the hiss has propagated over a considerable distance in the waveguide. One third of the emission events did not exhibit any effect of the waveguide propagation, suggesting that they have penetrated the ionosphere close to the station, and this is confirmed by the polarization measurement for such an event. The present observational results from a low-latitude ground station are clearly complementary to the in-situ observations and are used to elucidate the generation mechanism of plasmaspheric ELF hiss and its subsequent propagation in the magnetosphere and ionosphere.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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