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Collin & Johnson 1985
Collin, H.L. and Johnson, R.G. (1985). Some mass dependent features of energetic ion conics over the auroral regions. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA080i010p09911. issn: 0148-0227.

The S3-3 Lockheed ion mass spectrometer data set contains many examples of ion conics, a few of which have m ore than one species of ion measurable at energies between 0.5 and 16 keV. These events were examined, and some similarities and some differences were found between characteristics of the different ion components. In each event the ion fluxes peaked at about the same pitch angle for each species. If it can be assumed that the ions were energized primarily normal to the geomagnetic field, then the altitude of the energization process was the same for each species. However, there was no preferred altitude. In five of the events the conics were composed of H+ and O+, whcih were observed to have similar energy distribution functions. These were typically very soft but sometimes exhibited a high-energy tail which extended to above 10 keV. In the event where He+ has observed, its distribution function was much harder, with substantial fluxes extending up to 16 keV, in marked contrast to the very soft H+ component of the conic.

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Abstract

Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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