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Spiger & Anderson 1985
Spiger, R.J. and Anderson, H.R. (1985). Fluctuations of precipitated electron intensity in flickering auroral arcs. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA07p06647. issn: 0148-0227.

This paper reports on electron spectra associated with two aurorae observed by ground-based television. One auroral arc was observed to flicker, large variations in the precipitated electron energy occurring on a time scale of 114 ms. The major variations occur at the higher energies of the 0.5--20 keV range covered by the detectors. Changes in the particle flux occur primarily in the pitch angle range 0¿ to 60¿. Analysis of the video data shows a larger variation in intensity along the lower border of the arc in keeping with the results of the electron spectra. The second arc was not observed to flicker, and the associated electron spectra and video data show no large variations in precipitated electron energy or video intensity modulation. While pitch angle distributions tend to be field-aligned in the first arc, the distributions in the second arc are nearly isotropic or peaked from 60¿ to 90¿ in the downward hemisphere.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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