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Wagner et al. 1986
Wagner, J.S., Gray, P.C., Tajima, T. and Akasofu, S.-I. (1986). A plasma simulation study of the transformation from a closed to an open magnetic configuration. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA091iA02p01491. issn: 0148-0227.

A 2 1/2-dimensional fully electromagnetic particle simulation code is used to study the temporal evolution of a plasma magnetized by a dipole embedded in a uniform magnetic field, as the direction of the uniform field reverses direction. The magnetic field topology is observed to change from an open to a closed configuration. Our simulations show that as the magnetic field reversal propagates into the ambient plasma, a current sheet forms and moves toward the dipole at about the local Alfv¿n speed. The current sheet breaks into filaments, with each filament interacting with the dipole in a process that resembles coalescence, resulting in some particle heating. We find that the resulting magnetic field topology does not depend significantly on the initial plasma &bgr; for 1.0>&bgr;>0.05.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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