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Sharma & Patel 1986
Sharma, O.P. and Patel, V.L. (1986). Low-frequency electromagnetic waves driven by gyrotropic gyrating ion beams. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA091iA02p01529. issn: 0148-0227.

The origin of left- and right-hand-polarized low-frequency waves in space plasmas is analyzed. It has been shown that a gyrotropic gyrating ion beam, a ring in velocity space, can excite electromagnetic modes in the plasma near the beam gyrofrequency. It excites left-hand-polarized shear Alfv¿n waves and their harmonics via the coupling of Alfv¿n modes with the beam modes. It can also excite right-hand-polarized fast-mode magnetosonic waves and their harmonics as well. The excitation is possible for beam ions heavier than the plasma ions. The growth rate varies as one-third power of the beam density and decreases with the angle of wave propagation with respect to the ambient magnetic field. The nonlocality has a stabilizing effect on the instability. The predicted values of the wave frequencies compare reasonably well with those observed in satellite data.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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