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Detailed Reference Information
Barr et al. 1986
Barr, R., Stubbe, P., Rietveld, M.T. and Kopka, H. (1986). ELF and VLF signals radiated by the ‘‘polar electrojet antenna’’: Experimental results. Journal of Geophysical Research 91. doi: 10.1029/JA091iA04p04451. issn: 0148-0227.

The heating facility at Ramfjordmoen near Troms¿, Norway, has been used to modulate the auroral electrojet at frequencies in the range 223 Hz to 5.4 KHz. ELF/VLF signals have been received at Lycksele, Sweden, 554 km from the heating transmitter, over the whole frequency range with maximum amplitudes of ~50 fT. Both azimuthal and radial magnetic field components were recorded and the ratio of these two components, commonly termed the polarization, was determined. The experimental results have been successfully modeled by using waveguide mode theory and assuming the heating source to be a point dipole located in the ionosphere at the height of the maximum ELF/VLF Hall current.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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