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Bosqued et al. 1986
Bosqued, J.M., Sauvaud, J.A., Delcourt, D. and Kovrazhkin, R.A. (1986). Precipitation of suprathermal ionospheric ions accelerated in the conjugate hemisphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA091iA06p07006. issn: 0148-0227.

Low-energy particle data from the AUREOL 3 satellite were examined in order to characterize latitute-energy precipitation bands of low-energy ions (<3keV) sometimes detected embedded in the discrete auroral regions. A clear energy dispersion is observed, the less energetic ions being observed equatorward of higher-energy precipitation. Generally the latitudinal extent of this structure is about Δ&Lgr;≂0.5¿. Detailed ion energy spectra were used to infer that ionospheric ions are energized in the conjugate ionosphere, presumably in inverted-V structures, and undergo velocity-dependent electric drift effects during a single bounce. Model calculations and direct ion composition measurements clearly demonstrate that the H+ ions are predominant in these structures. Furthermore in several cases a double energy band is observed associated with each side of the conjugate V-shaped electrostatic potential structure.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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