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Richardson et al. 1986
Richardson, J.D., Eviatar, A. and Siscoe, G.L. (1986). Satellite tori at Saturn. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA091iA08p08749. issn: 0148-0227.

The inner satellites of Saturn are icy bodies imbedded in a plasma environment in which they are continuously bombarded by energetic ions, corotating plasma, and solar radiation. Laboratory sputtering experiments indicate that this should result in the injection of substantial amounts of neutral H, H2, OH, H2O, and O2 into the magnetosphere. We model the atomic processes affecting these neutrals and the neutrals and ions formed from the and calculate the steady state neutral and ion densities expected in the plasma tori of Enceladus, Dione-Tethys, and Rhea. Comparison with observations shown that recombination can limit the Enceladus and Dione-Tethys tori to the observed densities but that transport rates of at least 4¿10-8 Rs2/s are required to limit torus densities at Rhea to the observed values.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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