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Goldberge et al. 1987
Goldberge, R.A., Curtis, S.A. and Barcus, J.R. (1987). Detailed spectral structure of magnetospheric electron bursts precipitated by lightning. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JA092iA03p02505. issn: 0148-0227.

We have analyzed the temporal structure of electron fluxes precipitated by lightning that was measured at night over Wallops Island, Virginia, during August 1984. Given the high time resolution of our data for two independent lightning-induced precipitation bursts, we are able to identify a component of the precipitating electrons almost certainly due to equatorial wave-particle interactions involving equatorial electron cyclotron resonance (EECR) with whistlers which produce pitch angle scattering. These bursts also contain other precipitating electrons, possibly due to off-equatorial pitch angle scattering by the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) process or, more likely in our opinion, an off-equatorial waveparticle interaction leading to field-aligned electron acceleration. In particular, we have shown that the precipitated electron fiuxes of equatorial origin are characterized by a very steep spectral power exponent of about -20 above 100 keV. In contrast, the other non-EECR fluxes are much harder, with a spectral power exponent of about -2 between 40 and 400 keV. As a consequence, the energy deposition of the other electron fluxes may be equal to or possibly exceed that of the equatorial interaction fluxes. We conclude that study of lightning-produced electron fluxes from the perspective of pitch angle scattering alone may neglect other processes that significantly contribute to total energy transfer into the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that the EECR wave-particle interaction produces precipitation fluxes that are well described simply by the kinematics involving the wave and electron transit times to and from the magnetic equator. ¿American Geophysical Union 1987

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