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Burlaga et al. 1987
Burlaga, L.F., Behannon, K.W. and Klein, L.W. (1987). Compound streams, magnetic clouds, and major geomagnetic storms. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JA092iA06p05725. issn: 0148-0227.

Data from ISEE 3, Helios A, and Helios B were used to identify the components of two compound streams and to determine their configurations. (A compound stream is a stream which has formed as a result of the interaction of two or more distinct fast flows.) In one case, ejecta containing a magnetic cloud associated with a disappearing quiescent filament were interacting with a corotating stream. In the second case, ejecta containing a magnetic cloud associated with a 2B flare were overtaking ejecta from a different source. Each of these compound streams produced an unusually large geomagnetic storm, on April 3, 1979, and on April 25, 1979, respectively. The largest geomagnetic storm in the period 1968--1986, which occurred on July 13, 1982, was associated with a compound stream. Thirty geomagnetic storms with Ap>90 occurred between 1972 and 1983, and there are interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data for 17 of these events. The data suggest that most large geomagnetic storms are associated with compound streams and/or magnetic clouds. ¿American Geophysical Union 1987

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