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Craven et al. 1989
Craven, J.D., Frank, L.A. and Akasofu, S.-I. (1989). Propagation of a westward traveling surge and the development of persistent auroral features. Journal of Geophysical Research 94: doi: 10.1029/89JA00403. issn: 0148-0227.

Imaging instrumentation on board the spacecraft Dyanmics Explorer 1 (DE 1) is used to observe the large-scale motion of a surge over 7000 km along the auroral oval from near local midnight. Average speed of the surge is 2.2 km/s. Ground based observations at Fort Yujon, Alaska, show the classical looped, multiple-arc structure of a westward traveling surge as it passes overhead. Within the 6-min temporal resolution provided with DE 1, the surge advances initially at a speed of about 8 km/s followed by a steady decline to about 1 km/s over a period of 17 min. This sequence is then repeated a second time, beginning with a significant intensification of the surge form. This intense surge activity is not accompanied by significant auroral activity near magnetic midnight. Following passage of the surge, persistent and localized bright emission regions remain along the auroral oval for several tens of minutes. Average separation distances are approximately 700 km. If these persistent features identify the sites of individual stepwise advances of the surge, the average time per advance is about 5 min. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1989

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Abstract

Keywords
Magnetospheric Physics, Auroral phenomena, Magnetospheric Physics, Storms and substorms
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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