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James et al. 1990
James, H.G., Inan, U.S. and Rietveld, M.T. (1990). Observations on the DE 1 spacecraft of ELF/VLF waves generated by an ionospheric heater. Journal of Geophysical Research 95: doi: 10.1029/90JA01013. issn: 0148-0227.

Radio waves at frequencies between 1525 and 5925 Hz were observed on the DE 1 satellite during a pass over the Heating facility of the Max-Planck-Institut f¿r Aeronomie (MPAe Heating) near Troms¿, Norway. The waves were detected during a 2-min period on December 12, 1981, and measurements indicated pulse stretching by a few hundred milliseconds and spectral boradening of about 10 Hz. Measured signal delays are compared with those calculated using three-dimensional ray tracing. The observed signal delays and pulse distortion are not consistent with that expected on the basis of propagation in a smooth magnetosphere between the assumed ''polar electrojet antenna'' (PEJ) in the ionospheric D/E region and the satellite at about 11,000 km altitude. Scattering by density irregularities may be responsible for the observed long delays and spectral broadening, as has been speculated in previous interpretations of spacecraft observations of signals from ground-based ELF/VLF transmitters. Although the MPAe Heating ELF transmissions were 100% square-wave modulated, odd harmonies of the ELF modulation frequencies were not observed at the satellite: this remains unexplained. Similar spectral broadening and signal delays were observed on 10.2-kHz signals from the Omega Norway transmitter during the same DE 1 pass. Using the Omega transmitter as a reference, the PEJ radiated power is estimated to be about 30 W. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1990

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Abstract

Keywords
Space Plasma Physics, Spacecraft sheaths, wakes, charging
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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