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Abe et al. 1993
Abe, T., Whalen, B.A., Yau, A.W., Horita, R.E., Watanabe, S. and Sagawa, E. (1993). EXOS D (Akebono) suprathermal mass spectrometer observations of the polar wind. Journal of Geophysical Research 98: doi: 10.1029/92JA01971. issn: 0148-0227.

We report observations of the H+, He+, O+ polar wind ions in the polar cap (>80¿ invariant latitude, ILAT) above the collision-dominated altitudes (>2000 km), from the suprathermal mass spectrometer (SMS) on EXOS D (Akebono). SMS regularly observes low-energy (a few eV) upward ion flows in the high-altitude polar cap, poleward of the auroral oval. The flows are typically characteristic of the polar wind, in that they are field-aligned and cold (Ti80¿ ILAT), the average H+ velocity reached 1 km/s near 2000 km, as did the He+ velocity near 3000 km and the O+ velocity near 6000 km. At Akebono apogee (10,000 km), the averaged H+, He+, and O+ velocities were near 12, 7, and 4 km/s, respectively. Both the ion velocity and temperature distributions exhibited a day-to-night asymmetry, with higher average values on the dayside than on the nightside. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1993

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Abstract

Keywords
Magnetospheric Physics, Polar cap phenomena, Ionosphere, Ion chemistry and composition, Ionosphere, Polar ionosphere, Magnetospheric Physics, Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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