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Mula 1981
Mula, A.H.G. (1981). Amplitudes of diffracted long-period P and S waves and the velocities and Q Structure at the base of the mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JB086iB06p04999. issn: 0148-0227.

Frequency and time domain analysis of amplitudes of long-period (~20 s) P and S waves diffracted around the earth's core and registered at the WWNSS and CSN stations show that the velocities at the base of the mantle have slightly positive gradients. This result substantiates the previous ray parameter study of Mula and M¿ller (1980). Such velocity gradients at the base of the mantle from the rest of the lower mantle as suggested by, for example, Bolt (1972), Jones (1977), Jeanloz and Richter (1979), and Doornbos and Mondt (1979b). In addition to this the Qα factor for the base of the mantle is found not to be less than 250.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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