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Asada 1985
Asada, N. (1985). Fine fragments in high-velocity impact experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JB080i015p12445. issn: 0148-0227.

Ejection angle dependences of size and kinetic energy of high-velocity fine fragments ejected by high-velocity impact into basalt targets were studied by exposing secondary targets to the ejecta. According to the properties of the fine ejecta the ejection angles were divided into four regions: outer region (region I, 10¿55¿), where &thgr; was measured from the target surface. The size distributions of the fine ejecta were expressed by power law functions with power indices of about -3.5, except for region IV (about -3) in the size range of 1--70 μm. The secondary microcraters smaller than 100 μm in diameter were most abundant in region II, and their diameter distributions were also expressed by power law functions with power indices of about -3. Comminution energy, which was estimated from surface energy of the fine ejecta, was about 10% of the impact energy, and kinetic energy of the high-velocity fine ejecta, which was estimated from formation energy of the secondary microcraters, was about 40% of the impact energy.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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