The 1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley, Nevada, sequence produced the most extensive pattern of surface faults in the intermountain region in historic time. Five earthquakes of M>6.0 occurred during the first 6 months of the sequence, including the December 16, 1954, Fairview Peak (M=7.1) and Dixie Valley (M=6.8) earthquakes. Three 5.5≤M≤6.5 earthquakes occurred in the region in 1959, but none exhibited surface faulting. The results of the modeling suggest that the M>6.5 earthquakes of this sequence are complex events best fit by multiple source-time functions. Although the observed surface displacements for the July and August 1954 events showed only dip-slip motion, the fault plane solutions and waveform modeling suggest the earthquakes had significant components of right-lateral strike-slip motion (rakes of -135¿ to -145¿). All of the earthquakes occurred along high-angle faults with dips of 40¿ to 70¿. Seismic moments for individual subevents of the sequence range from 8.0¿1017 to 2.5¿1019 N m. Stress drops for the subevents, including the Fairview Peak subevents, were between 0.7 and 6.0 MPa.