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Ryder 1987
Ryder, G. (1987). Petrographic evidence for nonlinear cooling rates and a volcanic origin for Apollo 15 KREEP basalts. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JB092iB04p0E331. issn: 0148-0227.

Most Apollo 15 KREEP basalts have textures indicative of linear rates. Some samples have textures indicative of two-stage cooling: 15434,8 contains orthopyroxene phenocrysts up to 2 mm long in a much finer grained, intersertal ground mass, and probably has accumulated orthopyroxene; 15404,5 has glomerocrysts of orthopyroxene and plagioclase, also in a much finer grained, intersertal groundmass; clasts in glassy breccia 15358 have abundant (20% to 40%), clear, undevitrified orange-yellow intersertal glass (glassy intersertal textures) indicative of late quenching. Phenocrysts, by comparison with experiments on dynamic crystallization, do not grow from multiply saturated magmas (as per the Apollo 15 KREEP basalts) at linear cooling rates. Therefore the phenocryst-bearing samples provide evidence for their initially slow cooling and later rapid cooling. Two-stage cooling is common in volcanic, dynamic environments but cannot be expected in the static environment of crystallization of impact melt sheets, even basin-scale ones. Therefore these Apollo 15 KREEP basalts, and by extrapolation all the other clast-free, homogeneous, meteoritic-siderophile-absent Apollo 15 KREEP should be reexamined with the constraint that the Apollo 15 KREEP basalts were produced by igneous processes at 3.9 Ga, but managed to retain the trace element characteristics established at about 4.4 Ga. The common acceptance of total remelting by impact at 3.9 Ga, such as the Imbrium basin event, in the interpretation of the isotopic and chemical data is not permissible. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1987

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