The Silurian volcanism of the Almaden mining district, southern Spain, has been the obeject of a very detailed paleomagnetic study. The 175 cores (25 sites) sampled all along the eastern termination of the Almaden syncline were subjected to magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermomagnetic cycles, progressive alternating field and thermal demagnetizations as well as microscopic observations. The magnetic mineralogy of these volcanics flows is dominated by magnetite in at least two very distinct forms, including small cubic distributed grains and large elongated crystals. The observed anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility varies according to the relative abundance of the two magnetite phases, showing a complete inversion of the susceptibility tensors. This anisotropy has been related to the emplacement of the flows on a gentle slope dipping ~10¿ toward the southwest, implying that their volcanic source was located to the northeast. The paleomagnetic analysis has revealed two characteristic components of magnetization: the first (direction D=109¿, K=+11¿, α95=9¿, pole position at 11 ¿S, 69 ¿E, dp=5¿, dm=9¿) yields a negative fold test and is interpreted as a Late Paleozoic partial overprint; its declination is 46¿ away of the expected Late Paleozoic field direction, which confirms that rotations are still occurring after the main folding phases of the Variscan orogeny; the second (direction D=62¿, I=-36¿, α95=14¿, pole position at 8 ¿N, 118 ¿E, dp=9¿, dm=13¿) is prefolding as evident from the significant clustering when applying appropriate tectonic corrections, and we interprete it as the original magnetization of Silurian age. The compilation of all Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from Spain reveals that the Iberian meseta has been moving along with Gondwana at high drift rates throughout Ordovician and Silurian times. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1991