The complex electrical properties of polycrystalline San Carlos olivine compacts were measured over the range of frequency 10-4--104 Hz from 800¿ to 1400 ¿C under controlled oxygen fugacity. The impedance data dispaly a strong frequency dependence that is evidenced most clearly when the results are displayed in the complex impedance plane. A parameterized model of the frequency dependent electrical response using equivalent electrical circuits is presented. Two distinct conduction mechanisms of the sample are observed: grain interior and grain boundary conduction. Each occurs over a different range of frequency. The resistance of each mechanism adds in series resulting in a lower total DC conductivity for polycrystalline olivine than for either mechanism separately. The total DC conductivity is dominated by the grain interior conductivity above 1200 ¿C, whereas the grain boundary conductivity has the strongest influence below 1000 ¿C. Impedance spectra of natural dunite samples exhibit a similar type of frequency dependence. The grain interior conductivity displays a change in slope a 1344 ¿C and has activation energies of 1.45 eV (800¿--1344 ¿C) and 4.87 eV (>1344 ¿C). The grain boundary conductivity has an activation energy of 2.47 eV. In these cases, the fO2 for each experimental run was controlled at that of the wustite-magnetite oxygen buffer. Experiments on samples with different grain sizes reveal no dependence of DC conductivity on grain size for either mechanism, although the relaxation time and real relative permittivity of the grain boundary mechanism are dependent on grain size. Because of the electrical response observed at low frequencies, care must be taken in the inversion of electromagnetic field observations using laboratory measurements made in the kilohertz range since they may not be the same as DC measurements. Impedance measurements must be performed over a range of relatively low frequencies to assess the role of grain boundaries on the overall electrical response of polycrystalline materials. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1991