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Moore et al. 1992
Moore, J.C., Wolff, E.W., Clausen, H.B. and Hammer, C.U. (1992). The chemical basis for the electrical stratigraphy of ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 97: doi: 10.1029/91JB02750. issn: 0148-0227.

Antarctic and Greenland ice core samples were studied using two different stratigraphic electrical techniques. The electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) technique is a dc method, while dielectric profiling (DEP) is an ac method. It was found that ECM responds only to acid, even in large excess of neutral salt concentrations. DEP responds to both acid and salt content of the ice. Acids may be giving rise to conduction through an increase in the number of ionization defects, or through a network of liquid veins between ice grains. Salts on the other hand appear to give rise to Bjerrum defects, which are bound charges and cannot provide a dc current, but do produce a dielectric ac conductivity. The two methods can be used together to give a rapid prediction of both acid and salt content of cores. This may be of particular use in Wisconsin-age ice from Greenland, but can generally be used to define parts of cores worthy of detailed chemical study. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1992

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Keywords
Mineral Physics, Electrical properties, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Paleoclimatology, Mineral Physics, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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