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Lucchesi & Farinella 1992
Lucchesi, D. and Farinella, P. (1992). Optical Properties of the Earth’s Surface and Long-Term Perturbations of LAGEOS’s Semimajor Axis. Journal of Geophysical Research 97: doi: 10.1029/91JB03152. issn: 0148-0227.

We have reproduced the numerical model of Rubincam et al. (1987) for estimating the maximum along-track orbit-averaged perturbative acceleration ⟨T⟩ on LAGEOS's orbit due to radiation pressure from sunlight anisotropically reflected by the oceans. For the two optical models discussed by Rubincam et al. we have obtained ⟨T⟩=1.17 and 2.79¿10-12 m/s2. The latter value is about 3 times larger than the corresponding result of Rubincam et al., who made an error, and shows that a reasonable reflection model can give acceleration peaks of the same order as those observed in the residuals of LAGEOS's orbit. Changing the parameters appearing in the ocean reflection law (in particular, the width of the cone about the specular reflection direction which contains a significant amount of radiation) results into peak values of ⟨T⟩ ranging between 0 and ≈5¿10-12 m/s2. The ''extreme'' assumptions of Rubincam et al. (polar orbit, cloudless Earth Surface with a diffusive continent in the northern hemisphere, and a partially reflective ocean in the southern one) are found to overestimate ⟨T⟩ with respect to more realistic models by a factor of the order of, but probably smaller than, 2. The numerical error due to the finite number of Earth surface elements used to compute the radiation force does not exceed a few percents, provided ≈100 uniformly distributed elements are used: a comparable numerical error is involved in the integral over the orbital anomaly if a step of 5¿ is adopted. Since the largest observed fluctuations in the anomalous semimajor axis decay of LAGEOS correspond to values of ⟨T⟩≈3¿10-12 m/s2, we conclude that radiation pressure from Earth-reflected sunlight cannot be ruled out as an important contributor to them. However, a reliable quantitative model of this effect appears to require a rather detailed knowledge of the optical behavior of the oceans. At present, this problem somewhat degrades our capability to predict (or model in a deterministic way) LAGEOS's orbital evolution over long spans of time. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1992

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Keywords
Oceanography, Physical, Ocean optics, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, Celestial mechanics, Oceanography, General, Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes, Geodesy and Gravity, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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