Compressional velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in south-eastern Europe (broader Aegean area) is studied by inverting residuals of the first P arrivals from earthquakes in this region (16¿E-31¿E, 34¿N-43¿N). The data used from regional events recorded by the permanent network of stations durign the period 1971-1987, enriched with data from experiments with portable seismographs in four regions of this broad area. This study confirms the strong variations of crustal thickness in this area as well as the subduction of the eastern Mediterranean lithosphere under the southern Aegean and gives further detailed information on the crustal and upper mantle structure of the area. Important new information is the existence of a low-velocity crustal layer in western Greece and Albania and that the velocity anomaly in the mantle under the southern Aegean extends much farther and deeper to the northeast than the Benioff zone of the intermediate depth earthquakes indicates. Furthermore, evidence is presented about the possible existence of older subduction in the northern Aegean and about the influence of the tectonic regime on the velocity field. ¿American Geophysical Union 1995