The nature of the Levantine (eastern Mediterranean) crust has been the subject of controversy for many years, revolving around two hypotheses: the continental crust hypothesis and the oceanic crust hypothesis. The proponents of the first hypothesis suggest that the Levantine (eastern Mediterranean) basin is characterized by a thick sedimentary succession overlying thinned crust of continental origin, through which a number of aborted Mesozoic rifts were etched. However, multiple-source Werner deconvolution (MSWD) estimates and other geophysical data, integrated with earlier geological and geophysical results, provide further support to the second hypothesis (oceanic crust) and lead to the following conclusions: (1) The depth to Moho ranges from about 20 km to about 28 km below sea level, with an average crustal thickness of about 22 km. (2) The large thickness (about 10 km) of Phanerozoic section leaves only about 12 km of thickness for the igneous/metamorphic (basement) complex. (3) The northern boundary of the Levantine (easternmost Mediterranean) lithosphere is delineated by an arcuate belt of seismic activities along the southern margin of Cyprus. (4) The formation of the Phoenician and Latakia basins and the Iskenderun Bay is probably controlled by the counterclockwise rotation of the lithospheric slices southeast of Cyprus. (5) The apparent absence of magnetic anomaly lineations (reversals) is due probably to the thick Phanerozoic cover, and/or the formation of the oceanic crust during a long magnetic chron. ¿ 1999 American Geophysical Union