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Camp 1976
Camp, P.R. (1976). Charge, Morphology, and pH of Natural Snow. Journal of Geophysical Research 81: doi: 10.1029/JC081i009p01589. issn: 0148-0227.

The electrostatic properties of snow falling at sea level have been monitored for a number of storms occurring over the last 6 years. Snowflakes have been separated according to their ratio of charge to mass in an electrostatic deflection apparatus. This has made it possible to study the charge to mass ratio of individual particles, the average properties of large numbers of particles in these storms and the relation between morphology and charge. The net snowflakes charge of most of the storms studied was negative. Less than a few percent of the particles sampled had charge to mass ratios of greater than 4.5¿10-5 C/kg. No evidence was found for a relation between morphology and charge in these sea level measurements. The pH measurements of meltwater from electrostatically separated snow showed no relation between the charge on the snow and the hydrogen ion concentration in the meltwater.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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