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Orville 1977
Orville, R.E. (1977). Wind profile in the sub-cloud layer of a thunderstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research 82: doi: 10.1029/JC082i024p03453. issn: 0148-0227.

A photograph of a multistroke lightning flash in which the component strokes are displaced perpendicular to the observer's axis has been analyzed to estimate the wind profile between 60 and 250 m in a thunderstorm environment. The best fit to the data is of the form u=2.2z0.4. Wind shear values derived from this range from 0.08 s-1 at 60 m to 0.03 s-1 at 250 m. Linear least squares models were separately fitted to the data because of an apparent kink in the wind profile at 150 m. The results are that u=7.3 + 0.064z between 60 and 150 m and u=15+0.018z above 150 m with wind shear values of 0.06 and 0.02 s-1 in their respective layers. Wind data derived from this photographic analysis provide an instantaneous continuous profile with considerable small-scale structure. The data are apparently free from disturbances such as those introduced by meteorological towers. This is believed to be the first report of the wind profile in the sub-cloud layer of a thunderstorm.

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Abstract

Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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