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Hager 1977
Hager, J.G. (1977). Kinetic energy exchange in the gulf stream. Journal of Geophysical Research 82: doi: 10.1029/JC082i012p01718. issn: 0148-0227.

Ship drift data are utilized in studying the velocity field associated with the Gulf Stream system by computing three quantities suggested by the theory of turbulence: the mean kinetic energy, the eddy energy, and the energy exchange between the mean and fluctuating portions of the flow field (called dE/dt). Contours of the mean kinetic energy demonstrate that the mean velocity field is well defined and a smaller range of variance in comparison with the mean kinetic energy and a minimum situated along the center of the flow axis. The distribution o the dE/dt quantity is somewhat puzzling, although it is certainly contourable and nonrandom. It is suggested that downstream, cross-stream, and vertical components all may play important roles in its composition, whereas previous authors have made the assumption that only the cross-stream component is significant.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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