A simple analytical model is proposed that adequately predicts both the mean summer and mean winter transport along the Middle Atlantic Shelf. The mean flow is modeled by using the steady Ekman and geostrophic equations driven by the mean wind stress, the mean cross-shelf density gradient, and a variable longshore sea-surface slope. It is shown that previous models, although consistent with this approach, might have to be refined to include longshore and seasonal variations in the longshore sea-surface slope. Also, seasonal variations in mean wind stress and mean cross-shelf density gradient are identified as key components in the description of flow dynamics. Calculated transports agree with the limited observations. |