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Kitterman 1980
Kitterman, C.G. (1980). Characteristics of lightning from frontal system thunderstorms. Journal of Geophysical Research 85: doi: 10.1029/JC080i010p05503. issn: 0148-0227.

A slowly rotating streak-camera array was used to photograph lightning flashes to ground from thunderstorms associated with 13 large frontal systems. Photographs of 139 flashes were obtained at Kansas City, Missouri, during 1979. Comparison of the frequency distributions of flash duration between frontal thunderstorms and air mass thunderstorms over nonmountainous terrain showed little difference between the two. However, comparison of the distributions of the number of strokes per flash indicated that frontal thunderstorms produce a greater percentage of high-order multiple stroke ground flashes than do air mass thunderstorms.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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